Collective Cognition

03 Apr 2024 09:47

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Rather than repeating myself about what I mean by "collective cognition", I refer you to my review of Ed Hutchins's Cognition in the Wild, and the introduction to the 2002 SFI Workshop on Collective Cognition I co-organized (that introduction is primarily based on an essay I wrote as a distraction from finishing my dissertation). (Those links might be dead; these might work instead: intro, website.) I stole the phrase from Philip Agre, who told me he doesn't remember whence he got it. (This is fitting.)

The workshop was my first experience of helping to organizing a scientific meeting, and quite enlightening. The focus shifted quite a bit from what I originally had in mind, but I still think the papers presented were good; many of them are available via the link for the workshop above.

Prediction markets, which I think are horribly over-rated, probably deserve a notebook of their own.

See also:
• Artificial Intelligence
• Cognitive Science
• Computational Models of Linguistic Evolution
• Duality between Knowledge Centralization and Market Completeness
• Emergent Properties
• Ensemble Methods in Machine Learning
• Evolving Local Rules to Perform Global Computations
• Flocking and Swarms
• Institutions and Organizations
• Knowledge and Intelligence as Factors of Production
• Recommender Systems and Collaborative Filtering
• Sociology of Science

Recommended, less academic:
• John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems
• Malcolm Gladwell, "Group Think" [online]
• Steven Berlin Johnson
  • Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software
  • Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation [Review: Go to the Reef, Thou Dullard, and Consider Its Ways]
• Josiah Ober, "Learning from Athens: Success by design", Boston Review 31:2 (March-April 2006)
• Cailin O'Connor and James Owen Weatherall, The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread
• James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economics, Societies, and Nations [A pop-science book on precisely this subject, which disappoints me, because I'd entertained fantasies of writing one myself. It's interesting and well-written, and I certainly recommend it. But it's limited by the fact that Surowiecki has essentially one picture of how collective cognition could work, namely averaging a lot of guesses which are randomly and independently distributed around the true answer --- in other words, the law of large numbers. This makes the cases where collective cognition depends very strongly on social interactions (science and democracy especially) unduly puzzling to him. Also, he is entirely too credulous about prediction markets. There's a good review by Scott McLemee, and another one by Cass Sunstein.]

Recommended, academic:
• Philip Agre
  • "Growing a Democratic Culture: John Commons on the Wiring of Civil Society" [draft]
  • "Supporting the Intellectual Life of a Democratic Society", Ethics and Information Technology, 3:4 (2001): 289--298 [draft]
• Elizabeth Anderson, "The Epistemology of Democracy", Episteme: Journal of Social Epistemology 3 (2006): 8--22 [See comments under Democracy]
• Roland Bénabou, "Groupthink: Collective Delusions in Organizations and Markets" [PDF preprint. A really brilliant paper on "individually rational collective reality denial in groups, organizations and markets".]
• Daniel Berend and Aryeh Kontorovich, "Consistency of weighted majority votes", arxiv:1312.0451
• David Braybrooke and Charles E. Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision: Policy Evaluation as a Social Process
• Christophe Chamley, Rational Herds: Economic Models of Social Learning
• David Chisholm, Coordination without Hierarchy: Informal Structures in Multiorganizational Systems
• Andy Clark
  • Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence [The whole book is very good and relevant to the topic, but chapter 6 is especially salient.]
  • "Economic Reason: The Interplay of Individual Learning and External Structure" [PDF reprint]
• Robert S. Erikson and Christopher Wlezien, "Are Political Markets Really Superior to Polls as Election Predictors?" [Ans.: No. PDF preprint]
• F. A. Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order [Especially the essays "Economics and Knowledge" and "The Use of Knowledge in Society"]
• Dante R. Chialvo and Mark M. Millonas, "How Swarms Build Cognitive Maps", [SFI Working Paper 95-03-033]
• L. Conradt and T. J. Roper, "Group decision-making in animals", Nature 421 (2003): 155--158
• Esther Herrmann, Josep Call, María Victoria Hernàndez-Lloreda, Brian Hare and Michael Tomasello, "Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis", Science 317 (2007): 1360--1366
• Lu Hong and Scott E. Page, "Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101 (2004): 16385--16389 [free PDF]
• Edwin Hutchins, Cognition in the Wild [Review: Naval Collective Intelligence]
• Ali Jadbabaie, Alvaro Sandroni and Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi, "Non-Bayesian social Learning", SSRN/1550809
• Rob Johnston
  • "Integrating Methodologists into Teams of Substantive Experts", Studies in Intelligence 47:1 (2003): 6 [My comments/excerpts]
  • Analytic Culture in the United States Intelligence Community: An Ethnographic Study
• Stephen Judd, Michael Kearns, and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik, "Behavioral dynamics and influence in networked coloring and consensus", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (2010): 14978--14982 [The collective-level results here are extremely interesting; however, I find the way they measure "individual influence" odd, and am reluctant to conclude much from it.]
• Philip Kitcher, The Advancement of Science: Science without Legend, Objectivity without Illusions
• Patrick R. Laughlin, Group Problem Solving
• David Lazer and Allan Friedman, "The Network Structure of Exploration and Exploitation", Administrative Science Quarterly 52 (2007): 667--694 [PDF reprint via Prof. Lazer]
• Charles E. Lindblom
  • The Intelligence of Democracy
  • Usable Knowledge: Social Science and Social Problem Solving
• Conor Mayo-Wilson, Combining Causal Theories and Dividing Scientific Labor [Ph.D. thesis, CMU Philosophy Dept., 2012; thanks to Dr. Mayo-Wilson for a copy]
• Winter A. Mason, Andy Jones and Robert L. Goldstone, "Propagation of Innovations in Networked Groups", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137 (2008): 427--433 [What kind of network works best for spreading useful discoveries depends on how hard the problem being solved is; ones requiring more exploration actually benefit from making it harder to make long-range connections. It would be interesting to see what happens with a more hierarchical network structure than the one they explored...]
• Winter Mason and Duncan J. Watts, "Collaborative Learning in Networks", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 109 (2012): 764--769
• Noëlle McAfee, "On Democracy's Epistemic Value", The Good Society 18 (2009): 41--47 [Thanks to Prof. McAfee for a reprint]
• Neil Mercer, Words and Minds: How We Use Language to Think Together
• Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber, The Enigma of Reason
• Josiah Ober, Democracy and Knowledge: Innovation and Learning in Classical Athens [Review: Liberty was Born from Endless Meetings]
• Nienke Oomes, "Market Failures in the Economics of Science", [ch. 3 of Dr. Oomes's dissertation (Essays on Network Externalities and Aggregate Persistence, Economics Dept., UW-Madison, 2001)]
• Michael Polanyi, "The Republic of Science: Its Political and Economic Theory", Minerva 1 (1962): 54--74 [online]
• Francesca Polletta, Freedom Is an Endless Meeting: Democracy in American Social Movements [In this context, for the bits about participatory democratic processes as ways of fostering innovation and experimentation]
• Maxim Raginsky, Angelia Nedić, "Online discrete optimization in social networks in the presence of Knightian uncertainty", arxiv:1307.0473
• Camille Roth and Paul Bourgine [My comments]
  • "Binding Social and Cultural Networks: A Model", nlin.AO/0309035
  • "Epistemic Communities: Description and Hierarchic Categorization", nlin.AO/0409013
• Ville A. Satopää, Shane T. Jensen, Robin Pemantle, Lyle H. Ungar, "Partial Information Framework: Aggregating Estimates from Diverse Information Sources", arxiv:1505.06472
• R. Keith Sawyer, Group Genius: The Creative Power of Collaboration [book's website; my mini-review]
• Robert E. Schapire and Yoav Freund, Boosting: Foundations and Algorithms [Review: Weak Learners of the World, Unite!]
• Thomas Schelling, Micromotives and Macrobehavior
• Paul E. Smaldino, Cody Moser, Alejandro Pérez Velilla and Mikkel Werling, "Maintaining Transient Diversity Is a General Principle for Improving Collective Problem Solving", Perspectives on Psychological Science forthcoming (2023)
• Dan Sperber, Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach [Review: How to Catch Insanity from Your Kids (Among Others); or, Histoire naturelle de l'infame]
• Dan Sperber and Hugo Mercier, "Reasoning as a Social Competence", forthcoming in H. Landemore and J. Elster (eds.), Collective Wisdom [preprint]
• William P. Thurston, "On proof and progress in mathematics", arxiv:math.HO/9404236 [Comments by Jordan Ellenberg]
• Stephen Toulmin, Human Understanding: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts
• Lev Vygotsky, Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes
• David H. Wolpert and Kagan Tumer, "An Introduction to Collective Intelligence", cs.LG/9908014
• Monika Wulz, "Collective Cognitive Processes around 1930. Edgar Zilsel's Epistemology of Mass Phenomena", phil-sci/4740
• H. Peyton Young, Individual Strategy and Social Structure: An Evolutionary Theory of Institutions [Review: A Myopic (and Sometimes Blind) Eye on the Main Chance, or, the Origins of Custom]
• Kevin Zollman
  • "Talking to Neighbors: The Evolution of Regional Meanings", Philosophy of Science 72 (2005): 69--85 [PDF reprint]
  • "The Communication Structure of Epistemic Communities", Philosophy of Science 74: 574--587 [PDF preprint]

Modesty forbids me to recommend:
• Henry Farrell and CRS
  • "Cognitive Democracy", pp. 211--231 in Danielle Allen and Jennifer S. Light (eds.), From Voice to Influence: Understanding Citizenship in a Digital Age
  • "Artificial Intelligence is a Familiar-Looking Monster", The Economist 21 June 2023 [Commentary]
• CRS, "The Logic of Diversity", Santa Fe Institute Bulletin 20:1 (2005): 34--38 [On Scott Page's work]
• CRS, "Social Media as Windows on the Social Life of the Mind", arxiv:0710.4911
• CRS, The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts

To read:
• Mark Ackerman, Volkmar Pipek and Volker Wulf (eds.), Sharing Expertise: Beyond Knowledge Management
• Daron Acemoglu, Asuman Ozdaglar, Ali ParandehGheibi, "Spread of Misinformation in Social Networks", arxiv:0906.5007
• Sara Arganda, Alfonso Pérez-Escudero, and Gonzalo G. de Polavieja, "A common rule for decision making in animal collectives across species", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (2012): 20508--20513
• Katharine A. Anderson
  • "Collaboration Network Formation and the Demand for Problem Solvers with Heterogenous Skills" [PDF]
  • "Specialists and Generalists: Equilibrium Skill Acquisition Decisions in Problem-Solving Populations", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 84 (2012): 463--473, arxiv:1108.4429
• Michael Bacharach (ed. Natalie Gold and Robert Sugden), Beyond Individual Choice: Teams and Grames in Game Theory
• Rolf K. Baltzersen, Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence: Patterns in Problem Solving and Innovation
• David Barton and Karin Tusting, Beyond Communities of Practice: Language, Power and Social Context
• J. B. Batista and L. da F. Costa, "Knowledge acquisition by networks of interacting agents in the presence of observation errors", Physical Review E 82 (2010): 016103
• Eric Baum and Igor Durdanovic, "Evolution of Cooperative Problem Solving in an Artificial Economy", Neural Computation 12 (2000): 2743--2775
• Bahador Bahrami, Karsten Olsen, Peter E. Latham, Andreas Roepstorff, Geraint Rees and Chris D. Frith, "Optimally Interacting Minds", Science 329 (2010): 1081--1085
• Joshua Becker, Devon Brackbill, and Damon Centola, "Network dynamics of social influence in the wisdom of crowds", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 114 (2017): E5070--E5076
• Kristian Moss Bendtsen, Florian Uekermann, and Jan O. Haerter, "Expert Game experiment predicts emergence of trust in professional communication networks", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (2016): 12099--12104
• Marcel Blattner, Alexander Hunziker, Paolo Laureti, "When are recommender systems useful?", arxiv:0709.2562
• Michael E. Bratman, Shared Agency
• Xavier de Souza Briggs, Democracy as Problem Solving: Civic Capacity in Communities Across the Globe
• William A. ("Buzz") Brock and Steven N. Durlauf, "A Formal Model of Theory Choice in Science", Economic Theory 14 (1999): 113--130 [PDF preprint]
• Charles D. Brummitt, Shirshendu Chatterjee, Partha S. Dey, and David Sivakoff, "Jigsaw percolation: What social networks can collaboratively solve a puzzle?", Annals of Applied Probability 25 (2015): 2013--2038
• Henrik Bruun and Seppo Sierla, "Distributed Problem Solving in Software Development: The Case of an Automation Project", Social Studies of Science 38 (2008): 133--158
• Pascal Boyer and James V. Wertsch (eds.), Memory in Mind and Culture
• Michel Callon and Fabian Muniesa, "Economic Markets as Calculative Collective Devices" [Online preprint, but one is told there to quote "Les marchés économiques comme dispositifs collectifs de calcul", Réseaux 21(122), pp. 189-233.]
• Michel Callon, Pierre Lascoumes and Yannick Barthe, Acting In An Uncertain World: An Essay on Technical Democracy
• Myong-Hun Chang and Joseph E. Harrington
  • "Discovery and Diffusion of Knowledge in an Endogenous Social Network", American Journal of Sociology 110 (2005): 937--976
  • "Individual Learning and Social Learning: Endogenous Division of Cognitive Labor in a Population of Co-evolving Problem-Solvers", Administrative Sciences 3 [PDF reprint]
• Gary Charness and Matthias Sutter, "Groups Make Better Self-Interested Decisions", Journal of Economic Perspectives 26 (2012): 157--176
• Kay-Yut Chen, Leslie R. Fine and Bernardo A. Huberman
  • "Eliminating Public Knowledge Biases in Small Group Predictions", cond-mat/0206326
  • "Forecasting Uncertain Events with Small Groups", cond-mat/0108028
• Herbert H. Clark, Using Language
• Larissa Conradt and Timothy J. Roper, "Consensus decision making in animals", Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20 (2005): 449--456
• Nancy J. Cooke and Margaret L. Hilton (eds.), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science
• Mauro Copelli, Antonio C. Roque, Rodrigo F. Oliveira and Osame Kinouchi, "Enhanced dynamic range in a sensory network of excitable elements", cond-mat/0112395 [Hey, it's a start]
• Robin Cowan and Nicolas Jonnard, "Network structure and the diffusion of knowledge", Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 28 (2004): 1557--1575
• Fred D'Agostino, Free Public Reason: Making It Up As We Go
• Paul A. David, "Communication Norms and the Collective Cognitive Performance of 'Invisible Colleges' ", in Creation and Transfer of Knowledge: Institutions and Incentives, eds. G. Barba Navaretti, P. Dasgupta and K.G. Maler, Berlin, Springer Verlag (1998)
• Clintin Davis-Stober, David Budescu, Jason Dana, Stephen Broomell, "When is a crowd wise?", arxiv:1406.7563 [== Decision 1 (2014): 79--101?]
• Christian Dayé, "How to train your oracle: The Delphi method and its turbulent youth in operations research and the policy sciences", Social Studies of Science 48 (2018): 846--868
• Rogier De Langhe and Matthias Greiff, "Standards and the distribution of cognitive labour", phil-sci/4967
• Itiel Dror and Stevan Harnad, "Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology", arxiv:0808.3569
• Yilun Du, Shuang Li, Antonio Torralba, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Igor Mordatch, "Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debate", arxiv:2305.14325
• Darrell Duffie, Gaston Giroux, Gustavo Manso, "Information Percolation", arxiv:0811.3024
• Darrell Duffie, Semyon Malamud, Gustavo Manso, "Information Percolation with Equilibrium Search Dynamics", arxiv:0811.3023
• Narayanan U. Edakunni, Gary Brown, Tim Kovacs, "Boosting as a Product of Experts", UAI 2011, arxiv:1202.3716
• Kevin J. Elliott, "Democracy's Pin Factory: Issue Specialization, the Division of Cognitive Labor, and Epistemic Performance", American Journal of Poilitical Science 64 (2020): 385--397
• Jianqing Fan, Xin Tong, Yao Zeng
  • "Communication Learning in Social Networks: Finite Population and the Rates", arxiv:1212.2893
  • "Multi-Agent Inference in Social Networks: A Finite Population Learning Approach", Journal of the American Statistical Association 110 (2015): 149--158
• Michael P. Farrell, Collaborative Circles: Friendship Dynamics and Creative Work
• Jose F. Fontanari, "Social interaction as a heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems", Physical Review E strong>82 (2010): 056118
• John Forester, The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes
• Daniel Frey and Dunja Seselja, "Robustness and Idealizations in Agent-Based Models of Scientific Interaction", The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 71 (2020): 1411--1437
• Mirta Galesic, Daniel Barkoczi, Andrew Berdahl, Dora Biro, Giuseppe Carbone, Ilaria Giannoccaro, Robert Goldstone, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Anne Kandler, Albert Kao, Rachel Kendal, Michelle Kline, Eun Lee, Giovanni Francesco Massari, Alex Mesoudi, Henrik Olsson, Niccolo Pescetelli, Sabina Sloman, Paul E. Smaldino, Daniel L. Stein, "Beyond collective intelligence: Collective adaptation", socarxiv/5f2ad (2022)
• David Gamarnik, David Goldberg, Theophane Weber, "Correlation Decay in Random Decision Networks", arxiv:0912.0338
• Simon Garrod and Martin J. Pickering, "Why is conversation so easy?", Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (2004): 8--11
• Rishab Aiyer Ghosh (ed.), CODE: Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy
• Luc-Alain Giraldeau and Thomas Caraco, Social Foraging Theory
• Alvin Goldman, Knowledge in a Social World
• Heather J. Goldsby, Anna Dornhaus, Benjamin Kerr, and Charles Ofria, "Task-switching costs promote the evolution of division of labor and shifts in individuality", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 109 (2012): 13686--13691
• Benjamin Golub, Matthew O. Jackson, "How Homophily Affects Diffusion and Learning in Networks", arxiv:0811.4013
• Robert L. Goldstone, Edgar J. Andrade-Lotero, Robert D. Hawkins, Michael E. Roberts, "The Emergence of Specialized Roles Within Groups" Topics in Cognitive Science forthcoming (2023)
• Robert L. Goldstone, Michael E. Roberts and Todd M. Gureckis, "Emergent Processes in Group Behavior", Current Directions in Psychological Science 17 (2008): 10--15
• Patrick Grim, Paul St. Denis and Trina Kokalis, "Information and Meaning: Use-Based Models in Arrays of Neural Nets", Minds and Machines 14 (2004): 43--66 [From the abstract: "What we offer here are simple computational models that show emergence of meaning and information transfer in randomized arrays of neural nets. These we take to be formal instantiations of a tradition of theories of meaning as use. What they offer, we propose, is a glimpse into the origin and dynamics of at least simple forms of meaning and information transfer as properties inherent in behavioral coordination across a community." Or: Wittigenstein mechanized.]
• Boris Groysberg, Chasing Stars: The Myth of Talent and the Portability of Performance
• S. Gualdi, A. De Martino, "How does informational heterogeneity affect the quality of forecasts?", arxiv:0906.0552
• J. Richard Hackman, Collaborative Intelligence: Using Teams to Solve Hard Problems
• Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory
• Steven Harnad, "Distributed Processes, Distributed Cognizers and Collaborative Cognition", Pragmatics and Cognition 13 (2005): 501--514, cogprints/4765 ["there is no such thing as distributed cognition, only collaborative cognition"]
• Paul L. Harris, Trusting What You're Told: How Children Learn from Others
• Stephan Hartmann, Gabriella Pigozzi and Jan Sprenger, "Reliable Methods of Judgment Aggregation", phil-sci/4610
• Stephan Hartmann and Jan Sprenger, "Judgment Aggregation and the Problem of Tracking the Truth", phil-sci/4765
• Zaid Hassan, The Social Labs Revolution: A New Approach to Solving Our Most Complex Challenges
• Ming-Feng He, Cheng-Rui Deng, Lin Feng and Bo-Wen Tian, "A Cellular Automata Model for a Learning Process", Advances in Complex Systems 7 (2004): 433--439 [From the abstract: "Ideas on educational psychology suggest that a learning process occurs when people participate within social communities. A model is constructed based on two primary factors in the learning process: knowledge storage and interactive ability of each person. Results of simulations are consistent with some actual phenomena including the average knowledge achieved and different educational effects under different conditions." I confess to a certain skepticism, not having read any more than this.]
• Ralph Hertwig, Ulrich Hoffrage, and ABC Research Group (eds.), Simple Heuristics in a Social World
• Cecilia Heyes, "Born Pupils? Natural Pedagogy and Cultural Pedagogy", Perspectives on Psychological Science 11 (2016): 280--295
• Pamela J. Hinds and Sara Kiesler, Distributed Worked
• Daniel E. Ho, "Does Peer Review Work? An Experiment of Experimentalism", ssrn/2785927
• Yu-Chi Ho, Marcia P. Kastner and Eugene Wong, "Teams, Signaling, and Information Theory", IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 23 (1978): 305--312 [Ungated copy via Prof. Wong. Thanks to Maxim Raginsky for the reference.]
• Tad Hogg, Kristina Lerman, "Stochastic Models of User-Contributory Web Sites", arxiv:0904.0016
• William Hoppitt and Kevin N. Laland, Social Learning: An Introduction to Mechanisms, Methods, and Models [Review in Science]
• Peter Howlett and Mary S. Morgan (eds.), How Well Do Facts Travel? The Dissemination of Reliable Knowledge
• Bryce Huebner, Macrocognition: A Theory of Distributed Minds and Collective Intentionality [Review in NDPR]
• H. Kargupta, B. Park, D. Hershberger and E. Johnson, "Collective Data Mining: A New Perspective Toward Distributed Data Mining", in Kargupta and Chan, eds., Advances in Distributed and Parallel Knowledge Discovery [online]
• James Kennedy, Russell C. Eberhart and Yuhui Shi, Swarm Intelligence
• Norbert L. Kerr, Robert J. MacCoun and Geoffrey P. Kramer, "Bias in judgment: Comparing individuals and groups", Psychological Review 103 (1996): 687--719 [Very large PDF reprint]
• Norbert L. Kerr and R. Scott Tindale, "Group Performance and Decision Making", Annual Review of Psychology 55 (2004): 623--655
• h Kummerfeld and Kevin J.S. Zollman, Conservatism and the Scientific State of Nature
• Anusha Lalitha, Tara Javidi, Anand Sarwate, "Social Learning and Distributed Hypothesis Testing", arxiv:1410.4307
• Helene E. Landemore
  • "Democratic Reason: The Mechanisms of Collective Intelligence in Politics", ssrn/1845709 [Forthcoming in Landemore and Elster, eds., Collective Wisdom: Principles and Mechanisms]
  • Democratic Reason: Politics, Collective Intelligence, and the Rule of the Many [Presumably an expansion of the paper]
  • Open Democracy: Reinventing Popular Rule for the Twenty-First Century
• Michael D. Lee and Megan N. Lee, "The relationship between crowd majority and accuracy for binary decisions", Judgment and Decision Making 12 (2017): 328--343
• Sungmin Lee, Verónica C. Ramenzoni, Petter Holme, "Emergence of collective memories", arxiv:1008.2489
• Christian List, "Group knowledge and group rationality: a judgment aggregation perspective", Episteme: Journal of Social Epistemology 2 (2005): 25--38
• Christian List and Robert E. Goodin, "Epistemic Democracy: Generalizing the Condorcet jury theorem", Journal of Political Philosophy 9 (2001): 277--306
• Christian List and Adrian Vermeule, "Independence and interdependence: Lessons from the hive", Rationality and Society 26 (2014): 170--207
• Arthur Lupia and and Matthew D. McCubbins, The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need To Know?
• Arthur Lupia, Mathew D. McCubbins and Samuel L. Popkin (eds.), Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality
• Aidan Lyon, Michael Morreau, "The wisdom of collective grading and the effects of epistemic and semantic diversity", Theory and Decision 85 (2018): 99--116
• Ali Mahmoodi, Dan Bang, Karsten Olsen, Yuanyuan Aimee Zhao, Zhenhao Shi, Kristina Broberg, Shervin Safavi, Shihui Han, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Chris D. Frith, Andreas Roepstorff, Geraint Rees, and Bahador Bahrami, "Equality bias impairs collective decision-making across cultures", Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA) 112 (2015): 3835--3840
• P. D. Magnus, "Distributed Cognition and the Task of Science", Social Studies of Science 37 (2007): 297-310
• Thomas W. Malone and Michael S. Bernstein (eds.), Handbook of Collective Intelligence
• Richard P. Mann, "Collective decision making by rational individuals", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 115 (2018): E10387--E10396
• Naoki Masuda, N. Gilbert and S. Redner, "Heterogeneous voter models", Physical Review E 82 (2010): 010103, arxiv:1003.0768
• Naoki Masuda and S. Redner, "Can Partisan Voting Lead to Truth?", arxiv:1012.2462 [I heard Redner give an excellent talk about this in the fall of 2010 at SAMSI, but I would like to read the details]
• Conor Mayo-Wilson, Kevin Zollman and David Danks
  • "The Independence Thesis: When Individual and Social Epistemology Diverge", Philosohpy of Science 78M (2011): 653--577 [PDF]
  • "Wisdom of crowds versus groupthink: learning in groups and in isolation", International Journal of Game Theory (2012) [PDF]
• Cathleen McGrath and David Krackhardt, "Network Conditions for Organizational Change", The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 39 (2003): 324--336 [PDF reprint]
• Christopher McMahon, Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning [Review in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, which I should also read carefully]
• Nicoleta Meslec, Petru Curseu, Marius Meeus, Oana Fodor, "When none of us perform better than all of us together: the role of analogical decision rules in groups", arxiv:1406.7562
• Peter B. Meyer, "Episodes of Collective Invention" [Working Paper 368, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003]
• Piotr Migdal, Michal Denkiewicz, Joanna Raczaszek-Leonardi, Dariusz Plewczynski, "Information-sharing and aggregation models for interacting minds", arxiv:1109.2044
• Tyler Millhouse, Melanie Moses, Melanie Mitchell, "Frontiers in Collective Intelligence: A Workshop Report", arxiv:2112.06864
• Alex Mintz and Carly Wayne, The Polythink Syndrome: U.S. Foreign Policy Decisions on 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and ISIS
• Mehdi Moussaid, Simon Garnier, Guy Theraulaz, Dirk Helbing, "Collective Information Processing and Pattern Formation in swarms, flocks and crowds", Topics in Cognitive Science 1 (2009): 469--497, arxiv:1005.3507
• Beth Simone Noveck, Smart Citizens, Smarter State: The Technologies of Expertise and the Future of Governing
• Lisa M. Osbeck, Nancy J. Nersessian, Kareen R. Malone, and Wendy C. Newstetter, Science as Psychology: Sense-Making and Identity in Science Practice [review by Ronald Giere makes it sound more useful as source material than for insights]
• L. Nunes and E. Oliveira, "On Learning by Exchanging Advice", cs.LG/0203010
• Pettit, The Common Mind
• Gabriella Pigozzi, "Belief Merging and the Discursive Dilemma: An Argument-Based Account to Paradoxes of Judgment Aggregation", phil-sci/2882
• Stephen C. Pratt and David J. T. Sumpter, "A tunable algorithm for collective decision-making", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 103 (2006): 15906--15910
• Joel B. Predd, Sanjeev R. Kulkarni and H. Vincent Poor, "Distributed Regression in Sensor Networks: Training Distributively with Alternating Projections", cs.LG/0507039
• Yaron Rachlin, Rohit Negi and Pradeep Khosla, "Sensing Capacity for Markov Random Fields", cs.IT/0508054
• Roy Radner, "The Evaluation of Information in Organizations", Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Vol. 1, 491--530
• Vitorino Ramos, Carlos Fernandes and Agostinho C. Rosa, "Social Cognitive Maps, Swarm Collective Perception and Distributed Search on Dynamic Landscapes", submitted to Brains, Minds and Media: Journal of New Media in Neural and Cognitive Science [PDF preprint]
• Vitorino Ramos and Ajith Abraham, "Evolving a Stigmeric Self-Organized Data-Mining", cs.AI/0403001
• Pouria Ramazi, James Riehl, and Ming Cao, "Networks of conforming or nonconforming individuals tend to reach satisfactory decisions", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (2016): 12985--12990
• Vikas C. Raykar, Shipeng Yu, Linda H. Zhao, Gerardo Hermosillo Valadez, Charles Florin, Luca Bogoni, Linda Moy, "Learning From Crowds", Journal of Machine Learning Research 11 (2010): 1297--1322
• Michel Regenwetter, Bernard Grofman, A. A. J. Marley and Ilia Tsetlin, Behavioral Social Choice: Probabilistic Models, Statistical Inference, and Applications
• Diana Richards, Whitman A. Richards and Brendan D. McKay, "Collective Choice and Mutual Knowledge Structures," SFI Working Paper 98-04-032
• Henry S. Richardson, Democratic Automony: Public Reasoning about the Ends of Policy
• Marko A. Rodriguez, "Social Decision Making with Multi-Relational Networks and Grammar-Based Particle Swarms", cs.CY/0609034
• Marko A. Rodriguez and Jennifer H. Watkins, "Revisiting the Age of Enlightenment from a Collective Decision Making Systems Perspective", First Monday 14 (2009), arxiv:0901.3929
• Barbara Rogoff, Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context
• Camille Roth, "Co-evolution in Epistemic Networks: Reconstructing Social Complex Systems", Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropological and Related Sciences 1 (2006): 3:2
• Eduardo Salas and Stephen M. Fiore (eds.), Team Cognition: Understanding the Factors That Drive Process and Performance
• Husain Sarkar, Group Rationality in Scientific Research
• Karen Schrier, Knowledge Games: How Playing Games Can Solve Problems, Create Insight, and Make Change
• Frank Schweitzer, Joerg Zimmermann and Heinz Muehlenbein, "Coordination of Decisions in a Spatial Agent Model", cond-mat/0109121
• S. M. D. Seaver, A. A. Moreira, M. Sales-Pardo, R. D. Malmgren, D. Diermeier, L. A. N. Amaral, "Micro-bias and macro-performance", European Physical Journal B 67 (2009): 369--375, arxiv:0908.4261
• Shahin Shahrampour, Alexander Rakhlin, Ali Jadbabaie, "Online Learning of Dynamic Parameters in Social Networks", arxiv:1310.0432
• Aaron Shaw, Benjamin Mako Hill, "Laboratories of Oligarchy? How the Iron Law Extends to Peer Production", Journal of Communication 64 (2014): 215--238, arxiv:1407.0323
• Jan Sprenger, "Modeling individual expertise in group judgments"
• Jesse Shore, Ethan Bernstein, David Lazer, "Facts and Figuring: An Experimental Investigation of Network Structure and Performance in Information and Solution Spaces", arxiv:1406.7586
• Sabina J. Sloman, Robert L. Goldstone and Cleotilde Gonzalez, "A Social Interpolation Model of Group Problem-Solving", Cognitive Science 45 (2021): e13066 [PDF preprint]
• Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach, The Knowledge Illusion: Why We Never Think Alone
• Gerry Stahl, Group Cognition: Computer Support for Building Collaborative Knowledge
• Kent W. Staley, Evidence for the Top Quark: Objectivity and Bias in Collaborative Experimentation
• Dan Steinbock, Craig Kaplan, Marko Rodrigues, Juana Diaz, Newton Der and Suzanne Garcia, "Collective Intelligence Quantified for Computer-Mediated Group Problem Solving", cs.CY/0412064
• Quentin F. Stout, "Using Clerks in Parallel Processing", pp. 272--279 in Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1982) [Abstract: "Some models of parallel computers consist of copies of a single finite state automaton connected together in a regular fashion. In such computers a self-organizing structure called clerks can be useful, enabling one to simulate a more powerful computer for which optimal algorithms are easier to design. The computation proceeds by having the cellular automata organize themselves into clerks, and then a stepwise simulation of the more powerful computer is performed. For a system of n automata, each clerk contains \Theta(log n) automata, so first they need to determine log(n), despite the fact that no single automata can count higher than a fixed number." Link]
• Torsten Strulik and Helmut Willke (eds.), Towards a Cognitive Mode in Global Finance?: The Governance of a Knowledge-Based Financial System
• David J. T. Sumpter, Collective Animal Behavior
• Ron Sun (ed.)
  • Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction: From Cognitive Modeling to Social Simulation
  • special issue (vol. 2, no. 1) on multiagent learning of Cognitive Systems Research
• Mikaela Sundberg, "The dynamics of coordinated comparisons: How simulationists in astrophysics, oceanography and meteorology create standards for results", Social Studies of Science 41 (2011): 107--125
• Cass R. Sunstein
  • "The Law of Group Polarization" [online]
  • Why Societies Need Dissent
  • Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge
• Tarja Susi and Tom Ziemke, "Social Cognition, Artefacts, and Stigmergy: A Comparative Analysis of Theoretical Frameworks for the Understanding of Artefact-mediated Collaborative Activity", Cognitive Systems Research 2 (2001): 273--290 [Online]
• J. A. K. Suykens, J. Vandewalle and B. De Moor, "Intelligence and Cooperative Search by Coupled Local Minimizers", cs.AI/0210030
• Robert Thompson, Frans N. Stokman and Rene Torenvlied (eds.), Models of Collective Decision-Making [Special issue (vol. 15, no. 1, 2003) of Rationality and Society]
• Michael Tomasello
  • The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition [Some reading notes at the excellent blog Mixing Memory: introduction, chapter 1, 2a, 2b]
  • A Natural History of Human Thinking
  • A Natural History of Human Morality
• Emmanuel Trouche, Emmanuel Sander, Hugo Mercier, "Arguments, More than Confidence, Explain the Good Performance of Reasoning Groups", ssrn/2431710, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (forthcoming as of 2014)
• Sheng-Yuan Tu, Ali H. Sayed, "Distributed Decision-Making over Adaptive Networks", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 62 (2014): 1054--1069, arxiv:1306.2109
• Paul Vogy and Evert Haasdijk, "Modeling Social Learning of Language and Skills", Artificial Life 16 (2010): 289--309
• Frank E. Walter, Stefano Battiston, Frank Schweitzer, "A Model of a Trust-based Recommendation System on a Social Network", nlin/0611054
• Ashley J. W. Ward, James E. Herbert-Read, David J. T. Sumpter, and Jens Krause, "Fast and accurate decisions through collective vigilance in fish shoals", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 108 (2011): 2312--2315
• Peter Welinder, Steve Branson, Serge Belongie and Pietro Perona, "The Multidimensional Wisdom of Crowds", NIPS 2011 (NIPS 23) [PDF reprint]
• A. L. Wilkes, Knowledge in Minds: Individual and Collective Processes in Cognition
• Anita William Woolley, Christopher F. Chabris, Alex Pentland, Nada Nashmi and Thomas W. Malone, "Evidence for a Collective Intelligence Factor in the Performance of Human Groups", Science 330 (2010): 686--688 [Unfortunately, the sort of factor analysis they are relying on to detect a single driving cause is incapable of distinguishing between that, and the presence of immense numbers of independent causes, haphazardly related to the tasks. (See.) In other words, if your measurement procedures are sufficiently unrelated to the real structure, it looks like you have a common factor. Perhaps they have some way of ruling this out here.]
• Robert Wuthnow, Communities of Discourse: Ideology and Social Structure in the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and European Socialism
• Jesus P. Zamora Bonilla, "Optimal Judgment Aggregation", phil-sci/2945
• Eviatar Zerubavel, Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology
• Kevin J. S. Zollman
  • The Credit Economy and the Economic Rationality of Science
  • Learning to Collaborate
  • Modeling the social consequences of testimonial norms
  • Network Epistemology: Communication in Epistemic Communities
  • "Social network structure and the achievement of consensus", Politics Philosophy Economics 11 (2012): 26--44 [PDF]

To write:
• Henry Farrell and CRS, Cognitive Democracy
• CRS, The Social Life of the Mind